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| − | {{ | + | {{Template:Infobox console |
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|Manufacturer = [[Atari]] | |Manufacturer = [[Atari]] | ||
| − | |Generation = | + | |Generation = Second generation |
|Release date = September 11, 1977 (NA) <br /> | |Release date = September 11, 1977 (NA) <br /> | ||
1978 (EU) | 1978 (EU) | ||
| − | |Media type = ROM cartridge, | + | |Media type = ROM cartridge, Tape |
| − | |Input | + | |Input Controller = Joystick, Paddles, Driving Controller, Trak-Ball, Keypad |
| − | |Predecessor = [[Atari Pong | + | |Predecessor = [[Atari Pong]] |
| − | |Successor = [[Atari 5200]] | + | |Successor = [[Atari 5200]]}}The Atari 2600 is a video game console released in September 1977 by [[Atari|Atari Inc.]] It is credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor-based hardware and ROM cartridges containing game code, instead of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware with all games built in. The first game console to use this format was the [[Fairchild Channel F]]; however, the Atari 2600 receives credit for making the plug-in concept popular among the game-playing public. |
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It did make by far the biggest impact of any console released during the golden age. In fact, to much of the general public, it made the word “Atari” synonymous with the word “video game” (at least until Nintendo assumed the throne in the mid to late 1980s). | It did make by far the biggest impact of any console released during the golden age. In fact, to much of the general public, it made the word “Atari” synonymous with the word “video game” (at least until Nintendo assumed the throne in the mid to late 1980s). | ||
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Imbued with a mere 128 bytes of RAM, the Atari 2600 was originally designed to play Pong variations, simplistic action games, crude racing simulations, rudimentary educational titles, and the like. However, with the release of Space Invaders in 1980, the system skyrocketed in sales and became a mainstay of arcade conversions. | Imbued with a mere 128 bytes of RAM, the Atari 2600 was originally designed to play Pong variations, simplistic action games, crude racing simulations, rudimentary educational titles, and the like. However, with the release of Space Invaders in 1980, the system skyrocketed in sales and became a mainstay of arcade conversions. | ||
| − | In 1980, after a limited marketing test in 1979, Mattel released its [[Intellivision]] system nationwide, setting the stage for the first true console war. Bolstered by a scries of commercials starring spokesman George Plimpton, the lntellivision had superior graphics and sounds and more power under the hood. Nevertheless, the Atari 2600 maintained a dominant following, thanks to its plethora of popular arcade titles and its propensity for fast-action games that were easy to pick up and play. By 1983, however, due in part to competition from other systems (like the [[ColecoVision]] and the [[Atari 5200]]) and a multitude of inferior titles cranked out by certain third-party companies, the shine began to wear off the aging console. By 1984, the Atari 2600 was all but dead, a victim of the fabled | + | In 1980, after a limited marketing test in 1979, Mattel released its [[Intellivision]] system nationwide, setting the stage for the first true console war. Bolstered by a scries of commercials starring spokesman George Plimpton, the lntellivision had superior graphics and sounds and more power under the hood. Nevertheless, the Atari 2600 maintained a dominant following, thanks to its plethora of popular arcade titles and its propensity for fast-action games that were easy to pick up and play. By 1983, however, due in part to competition from other systems (like the [[ColecoVision]] and the [[Atari 5200]]) and a multitude of inferior titles cranked out by certain third-party companies, the shine began to wear off the aging console. By 1984, the Atari 2600 was all but dead, a victim of the fabled Great Videogame Crash. |
==Technical specifications== | ==Technical specifications== | ||
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During its high-point, the 2600 saw more than its share of peripherals and add-ons, including countless third-party joysticks, a touch pad (for Star Raiders), a trackball, a joypad players could stand on (for Mogul Maniac), a Kid’s Controller (for Sesame Street titles), a driving controller (for Indy 500), a keyboard controller, and more. | During its high-point, the 2600 saw more than its share of peripherals and add-ons, including countless third-party joysticks, a touch pad (for Star Raiders), a trackball, a joypad players could stand on (for Mogul Maniac), a Kid’s Controller (for Sesame Street titles), a driving controller (for Indy 500), a keyboard controller, and more. | ||
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| − | * | + | IC's |
| − | *TIA 1A - Television Interface Adaptor Model 1A ( | + | *CPU: MOS Technology 6507 - 8bit, 1.19MHz |
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| + | *TIA 1A - Television Interface Adaptor Model 1A (Video, Audio, Input Ports) | ||
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*PIA 6532 - (128 bytes RAM, I/O Ports, Timer) | *PIA 6532 - (128 bytes RAM, I/O Ports, Timer) | ||
| − | + | CPU and Memory | |
| − | * | + | |
| − | * | + | *CPU: MOS 6507, 8bit, 1.19MHz (cutdown 6502 with only 8K address space) |
| − | * | + | *RAM: 128 Bytes (additional 128 or 256 bytes in some cartridges) |
| − | * | + | *VRAM: None (Picture controlled by I/O Ports only) |
| + | *ROM: External Game Cartridge (usually 2KB or 4KB, or banked 2x4KB) | ||
| − | + | Video | |
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| − | + | *Output: Line-by-line (Registers must be updated each scanline) | |
| − | * | + | *Resolution: 160x192 pixels (NTSC 60Hz), 160x228 pixels (PAL 50Hz) |
| − | * | + | *Playfield: 40 dots horizontal resolution (rows of 4 pixels per dot) |
| − | * | + | *Colors: 4 colors at once (one color per object) |
| + | *Palette: 128 colors (NTSC), 104 colors (PAL), 8 colors (SECAM) | ||
| + | *Sprites: 2 sprites of 8pix width, 3 sprites of 1pix width | ||
| − | + | Input/Output Ports, Audio, Timer | |
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| − | + | *I/O: Two 8bit I/O ports, six 1bit Input ports | |
| − | * | + | *Timer: One 8bit Timer (with prescaler; 1,8,64,1024 machine cycles) |
| − | * | + | *Audio: Two sound channels (with Frequency, Volume, Noise control) |
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| − | * | + | Console Switches |
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| + | *Switches: Color/Mono Switch (PAL/NTSC only), and two Difficulty Switches | ||
| + | *Buttons: Select Button, Reset Button (or Switches in older consoles) | ||
| + | *Hardware: Power Switch, TV Channel Select Switch (not software controlled) | ||
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| + | Connectors | ||
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| + | *Slot: One 24 pin Cartridge Slot (with 4K address bus) | ||
| + | *Controls: Two 9 pin Joystick ports (also used for Paddles, Keyboards) | ||
| + | *TV: One Cinch Socket (Video/Audio TV Signal) | ||
| + | *Power: 9V DC, 500mA (internally converted to 5V DC) | ||
==Atari 2800== | ==Atari 2800== | ||
| − | The | + | The Atari 2800 is the Japanese version of the Atari 2600, released in October 1983. It never captured a large market in Japan because it was released a short time after the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Nintendo Famicom]], which became the dominant console in the Japanese video game market of the time. |
Codenamed "Cindy", the Atari 2800 had four controller ports instead of the standard two on the Atari 2600's. The controllers are an all-in one design using a combination of an 8-direction digital joystick and a 270-degree paddle. | Codenamed "Cindy", the Atari 2800 had four controller ports instead of the standard two on the Atari 2600's. The controllers are an all-in one design using a combination of an 8-direction digital joystick and a 270-degree paddle. | ||
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Sears liked the design of the Atari 2800 so much, they opted to sell a version under their Tele-Games label. It was released in the US in 1983 as the Sears Video Arcade II, and was packaged with 2 controllers and Space Invaders. | Sears liked the design of the Atari 2800 so much, they opted to sell a version under their Tele-Games label. It was released in the US in 1983 as the Sears Video Arcade II, and was packaged with 2 controllers and Space Invaders. | ||
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==Atari 2600 Jr.== | ==Atari 2600 Jr.== | ||
[[File:Atari-2600-Jr-Console.jpg|thumb|230px|Atari 2600 Jr.]]In 1985, a new version of the 2600 was released (although it had been planned for release two years earlier). The new redesigned version of the 2600, unofficially referred to as the 2600 Jr., featured a smaller cost-reduced form factor with a modernized [[Atari 7800]]-like appearance. The redesigned 2600 was advertised as a budget gaming system (under $50) that had the ability to run a large collection of classic games. With its introduction came a resurgence in software development both from Atari Corp. and from a few third parties (including Activision, Absolute Entertainment, Froggo, Epyx, and Exus). The Atari 2600 continued to sell in the USA and Europe until 1991, and in Asia until the early 1990s. | [[File:Atari-2600-Jr-Console.jpg|thumb|230px|Atari 2600 Jr.]]In 1985, a new version of the 2600 was released (although it had been planned for release two years earlier). The new redesigned version of the 2600, unofficially referred to as the 2600 Jr., featured a smaller cost-reduced form factor with a modernized [[Atari 7800]]-like appearance. The redesigned 2600 was advertised as a budget gaming system (under $50) that had the ability to run a large collection of classic games. With its introduction came a resurgence in software development both from Atari Corp. and from a few third parties (including Activision, Absolute Entertainment, Froggo, Epyx, and Exus). The Atari 2600 continued to sell in the USA and Europe until 1991, and in Asia until the early 1990s. | ||
==Hardware== | ==Hardware== | ||
| − | + | See [[Atari 2600 Hardware]]. | |
| − | + | ==Power Supply== | |
| − | + | <gallery position="center"> | |
| − | <gallery> | ||
Atari 2600 power supply 01.jpg | Atari 2600 power supply 01.jpg | ||
Atari 2600 power supply 02.jpg | Atari 2600 power supply 02.jpg | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==Games== | ==Games== | ||
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| + | Most of the best third-party games for the system were original creations by Activision and Imagic, both of which were comprised (at least in part) of former Atari employees who grew disenchanted with the company’s policies regarding royalties and programmer credits. | ||
[[Category:Console]] | [[Category:Console]] | ||
[[Category:Second generation]] | [[Category:Second generation]] | ||
